[Federal Register: March 20, 2000 (Volume 65, Number 54)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 14927-14931]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr20mr00-35]
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[[Page 14927]]
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
7 CFR Part 360
[Docket No. 98-064-1]
RIN 0579-AB07
Noxious Weed Regulations; Update of Current Provisions
AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.
ACTION: Advance notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comments.
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SUMMARY: We are considering revising the noxious weed regulations
issued under the Federal Noxious Weed Act in order to maximize their
effectiveness. We believe changes may be necessary to improve control
and limit the spread of invasive weed species that are not covered
under the current noxious weed regulations. We are considering
categorizing weeds according to geographic, regulatory, and other
criteria. This notice solicits public comment on these categories and
on the criteria for assigning weeds to each category. We are also
asking the public to help us determine how to prioritize funding
resources for existing and future programs. After evaluating public
comment on the issues presented in this document, we will determine
whether to propose changes to our regulations.
DATES: We invite you to comment on this docket. We will consider all
comments we receive by May 19, 2000.
ADDRESSES: Please send your comment and three copies to: Docket No. 98-
064-1, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Suite 3C03,
4700 River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238. Please state that
your comment refers to Docket No. 98-064-1.
You may read any comments that we receive on this docket in our
reading room. The reading room is located in room 1141 of the USDA
South Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington DC.
Normal reading room hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except holidays. To be sure someone is there to help you,
please call (202) 690-2817 before coming.
APHIS documents published in the Federal Register, and related
information, including the names of organizations and individuals who
have commented on APHIS rules, are available on the Internet at http://
www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/rad/webrepor.html.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Polly Lehtonen, Botanist,
Scientific Services, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 133, Riverdale,
MD 20737-1236; (301) 734-8896.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The noxious weeds regulations, contained in 7 CFR part 360 and
referred to below as the regulations, were established in 1976 under
the authority of the Federal Noxious Weed Act (FNWA) of 1974 (7 U.S.C.
2801 et seq.). The FNWA authorizes the Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS) to regulate the movement of noxious weeds
into or through the United States, and interstate, in order to prevent
the artificial spread of noxious weeds into noninfested areas of the
United States.
APHIS lists noxious weeds in Sec. 360.200 of the regulations.\1\ In
this section, weeds are divided into three categories: Aquatic weeds,
parasitic weeds, and terrestrial weeds. In order for a weed to be
listed, it must meet the definition contained in the FNWA for ``noxious
weed.'' The FNWA defines a ``noxious weed'' as
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\1\ This list is also available on the Internet at http://
www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/bats/fnwsbycat-e.html. Copies of the lsit are
also available by contacting Polly Lehtonen at the address listed
under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
``* * * any living stage (including but not limited to, seeds
and reproductive parts) of any parasitic or other plant of a kind,
or subdivision of a kind, which is of foreign origin, is new to or
not widely prevalent in the United States, and can directly or
indirectly injure crops, other useful plants, livestock, or poultry
or other interests of agriculture, including irrigation, or
navigation or the fish or wildlife resources of the United States or
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the public health * * *''
In simple terms, for a weed to be listed in Sec. 360.200:
<bullet> It must have demonstrated that it is harmful to crops,
other plants, livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture,
including irrigation, navigation, the fish or wildlife resources of the
United States, or the public health.
<bullet> It must be a species of plant that is not native to the
United States.
<bullet> It must be new to or not be widely prevalent in the United
States.
Under the current regulations, listed Federal noxious weeds are
only eligible to be moved into and through the United States, or
interstate, under a permit granted by APHIS. Persons who move noxious
weeds under permit must follow all the conditions contained in the
permit with regard to storage, shipment, cultivation, and propagation.
APHIS actively participated in developing the National Strategy for
Invasive Plant Management, endorsed and supported by Federal and State
Government agencies and nongovernmental private sector interests. The
strategy outlines a nationwide effort to address the problem of
invasive plant species in the United States. Invasive plant species are
plants that are defined as ``noxious weeds'' under the FNWA, as well as
other plant species that are, or may be, harmful to crops, other
plants, livestock, poultry, fish and wildlife resources, natural areas,
or the public health. Effective regulation is a crucial part of the
strategy's first goal: effective prevention.
Consistent with that goal and with Executive Order 13112 of
February 3, 1999, ``Invasive Species,'' in this document we are
informing the public that we are considering revising the Federal
noxious weed regulations by creating two categories in which weeds
would be grouped according to their distribution. We are also
considering, among other things, creating additional weed lists for
informational purposes that would contain weeds that are not currently
defined as Federal noxious weeds. We are requesting public comment on
this initiative.
Requests To Amend the Weed List
In recent years, scientists, State governments, environmental
groups, trade groups, and farmers, among others, have requested that
APHIS adopt new measures to provide additional safeguards against the
introduction and
[[Page 14928]]
spread of noxious weeds in the United States. These groups and
individuals have expressed concern with the limitations of our current
weed-listing policy. They have requested that APHIS provide additional
guidance in the identification and control of plants that may not meet
the FNWA's definition of ``noxious weed'' but that are known to cause
damage to crops, livestock and poultry, and natural ecosystems, and
that could otherwise be defined as invasive plant species. These
stakeholders perceive that the formal listing of such weeds would be a
catalyst for creating awareness and encouraging participation by, and
cooperation between, State and local governments and natural resource
organizations to establish effective control initiatives.
How the Weed List Could Be Amended
In order to direct safeguarding resources appropriately, we are
considering revising the current noxious weed list to categorize
noxious weeds according to their distribution. The existing list of
Federal noxious weeds would be divided into two categories: (1) Weeds
that do not exist in the United States, and (2) weeds that do exist in
the United States. For Category 1 weeds, resources would be directed
towards exclusion and early detection. For Category 2 weeds, resources
would be directed towards exclusion, delimiting surveys, eradication,
and containment and/or control.
Further, in order to better address the threat posed to crops,
other useful plants, livestock, poultry, fish and wildlife resources,
natural areas, and the public health by ``widespread'' native and
nonnative weeds, we are considering creating two additional categories
of plants that are not currently regulated under the FNWA, but are
regulated as noxious weeds by at least one State, or that are believed
to be invasive plant species.
Category 1
In developing the Category 1 list, we listed a weed based on the
following criteria:
<bullet> It is currently listed as a Federal noxious weed (i.e., it
has demonstrated that it is harmful to crops, other plants, livestock,
poultry, or other interests of agriculture, including irrigation,
navigation, the fish or wildlife resources of the United States, or the
public health).
<bullet> It is not known to exist in the United States.
Weeds that would be listed in this category are known to be harmful
and invasive in their native regions or other regions. Additional weeds
could be added to this list under the same conditions currently used to
identify new or unlisted Federal noxious weeds. The following table
lists the weeds currently contained in the Federal noxious weed list
that we believe would meet the above criteria.
Category 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Federal noxious weed Common name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aeginetia spp.................. aeginetia.
Alectra spp.................... alectra.
Azolla pinnata................. mosquito fern, water velvet.
Carthamus oxyacantha........... wild safflower.
Caulerpa taxifolia caulerpa.
(Mediterranean clone).
Cuscuta spp. (other than native dodder.
or introduced species).
Digitaria abyssinica........... African couchgrass.
Drymaria arenarioides.......... lightning weed.
Lagarosiphon major............. oxygen weed.
Leptochloa chinensis........... Asian sprangletop.
Lycium ferocissimum............ African boxthorn.
Mikania cordata................ mile-a-minute.
Monochoria hastata............. monochoria.
Nassella trichotoma............ serrated tussock.
Opuntia aurantiaca............. jointed prickl pear.
Oryza longistaminata........... red rice.
Oryza punctata................. red rice.
Prosopis alpataco.............. mesquite.
Prosopis argentina............. mesquite.
Prosopis articulata............ mesquite.
Prosopis burkartii............. mesquite.
Prosopis caldenia.............. mesquite.
Prosopis calingastana.......... mesquite.
Prosopis campestris............ mesquite.
Prosopis castellanosii......... mesquite.
Prosopis denudans.............. mesquite.
Prosopis elata................. mesquite.
Prosopis ferox................. mesquite.
Prosopis fiebrigii............. mesquite.
Prosopis hassleri.............. mesquite.
Prosopis humilis............... mesquite.
Prosopis kuntzei............... mesquite.
Prosopis palmeri............... mesquite.
Prosopis rojasiana............. mesquite.
Prosopis ruizlealii............ mesquite.
Prosopis ruscifolia............ mesquite.
Prosopis sericantha............ mesquite.
Prosopis torquata.............. mesquite.
Sparganium erectum............. exotic bur-reed.
Spermacoce alata............... borreria.
Striga spp. (other than S. witchweed.
asiatica and S. Gesnerioides).
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[[Page 14929]]
Once again, the weeds listed above are weeds that we believe do not
exist in the United States. If you believe that any of the weeds listed
above exists in your area, or in another area of the United States,
please submit a written comment to the address listed under ADDRESSES.
Category 2
In developing the Category 2 list, we listed a weed based on the
following criteria:
<bullet> It is currently listed as a Federal noxious weed (i.e., it
has demonstrated that it is harmful to crops, other plants, livestock,
poultry, or other interests of agriculture, including irrigation,
navigation, the fish or wildlife resources of the United States, or the
public health; it is not a species of plant native to the United
States; and it is new to or not widely prevalent in the United States).
<bullet> It occurs (or is suspected to occur) somewhere in the
United States.
For a weed to be considered ``new to or not widely prevalent,'' it must
not exist in more than a few States. Generally, we have considered
weeds that were known to exist in only a few States at the time of
listing as eligible for inclusion in the Federal noxious weed list.
However, we make exceptions to this policy for weeds that have spread
beyond a few States prior to listing if we believe such weeds occupy
only a fraction of their full potential range and present a serious
threat to other plants, crops, livestock, poultry, or other interests
of agriculture.
The table below lists noxious weeds currently listed in the
regulations that are known to exist in some areas of the United States.
For each listed weed, we have also indicated the State(s) where that
weed is believed to exist.
Category 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Federal noxious weeds, Suspected
introduced Common name distribution
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ageratina adenophora........ crofton weed........ HI, CA
Alternanthera sessilis...... sessile joyweed..... HI, PR, FL, MD, GA,
LA, VI, TX, MS, SC,
Al
Asphodelus fistulosus....... onionweed........... CA, TX, NM
Avena sterilis.............. animated or wild oat PA, NJ, CA, OR, VT
Chrysopogon aciculatus...... Pilipiliula......... HI
Commelina benghalensis...... Benghal dayflower... FL, HI, GA, CA, LA
Crupina vulgaris............ common crupina...... ID, OR, WA, CA, MA
Digitaria velutina.......... velvet fingergrass ....................
TX.
Eichhornia azurea........... anchored PR, FL
waterhyacinth.
Emex australis.............. three-comered jack.. CA
Emex spinosa................ devil's thorn....... HI, CA, MA, NJ, TX
Galega officinalis.......... goatsrue............ UT, NY, PA, CT, ME,
MA, NE, CO, MD, WA
Heracleum mantegazzianum.... giant hogweed....... NY, WA, ME, PA, MI
Hydrilla verticillata....... hydrilla............ widespread (16
States)
Hygrophila polysperma....... Miramar weed........ FL, VA, TX
Imperata brasiliensis....... Brazilian satintail. AL, FL, LA, MS, SC,
PR
Imperata cylindrica......... cogongrass.......... AL, FL, GA, HI, MS,
OR, LA, SC
Ipomoea aquatica............ Chinese waterspinach CA, FL, TX, HI, PR
Ischaemum rugosum........... murain-grass........ MD
Limnophila sessiliflora..... ambulia............. FL, TX, GA
Malaleuca quinquenervia..... melaleuca........... FL, CA, HI, PR
Melastoma malabathricum..... melastoma........... HI
Mikania micrantha........... mile-a-minute....... PR
Mimosa invisa (now in Mimosa giant sensitive PR
diplotrichia). plant.
Mimosa pigra................ catclaw mimosa...... FL, TX, PR
Monochoria vaginalis........ monochoria.......... CA, HI
Orobanche minor............. small broomrape..... WA, OR, FL, GA, SC,
NC, VA, WV, MD, DE,
NJ, PA, NY
Orobanche ramosa............ branched broomrape.. CA, TX, NC, IL, KY,
NJ
Oryza rufipogon............. red rice............ FL, CA
Ottelia alismoides.......... duck-lettuce........ CA, LA, TX
Paspalum scrobiculatum...... Kodo-millet......... HI, FL, NJ, TX, MD
Pennisetum clandestinum..... Kikuyugrass......... CA, HI, AZ, PR
Pennisetum macrourum........ African feathergrass CA, HI
Pennisetum pedicellatum..... kyasuma-grass....... FL
Pennisetum polystachion..... missiongrass........ HI, PR, FL
Prosopis farcta............. mesquite............ AZ
Prosopis pallida............ mesquite............ HI, PR, VI
Prosopis reptans............ mesquite............ TX
Prosopis strombulifera...... mesquite............ CA
Rottboelia cochinchinensis.. itchgrass........... AL, AR, FL, GA, IN,
LA, MS, NC, PR, TX
Rubus fruticosus............ wild blackberry NC, SC, VA, WV
complex.
Rubus moluccanus............ wild blackberry..... HI
Saccharum spontaneum........ wild sugarcane...... FL, HI, PR
Sagittaria sagittifolia..... arrowhead........... HI
Salsola vermiculata......... wormleaf salsola.... CA
Salvinia auriculata......... giant salvinia...... PR
Salvinia molesta............ giant salvinia...... TX, LA, SC, MS, AL,
FL, HI, NC
Setaria pallide-fusca (=S. cattail grass....... LA, OR, TX, FL, MD,
pumila ssp. pallidifusca). CA
Solanum tampicense.......... wetland nightshade.. FL
Solanum torvum.............. turkey berry........ FL, HI, PR, CA, AL,
MD, VI
Solanum viarum.............. tropical soda apple. FL, LA, MS, GA, AL,
TN, PR
Striga asiatica............. witchweed........... NC, SC
[[Page 14930]]
Striga gesnerioides......... indigo witchweed.... FL
Tridax procumbens........... coat buttons........ FL, HI, PR, TX, VI
Urochloa panicoides......... liverseed grass..... TX, NM, MD
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributions derived from: PLANTS database, USDA, NRCS, 1997 (http://
plants.usda.gov), and Biota of North America Program (BONAP) North
Carolina Botanical Garden at UNC Chapel Hill (http://www.cdsl.tamu.edu/
FLORA/b98/check98.htm).
If you believe that the distribution of any Category 2 weed listed
above is incorrect, please submit a comment to the address provided
under ADDRESSES.
Category 3
In developing the Category 3 list, we listed a weed based on the
following criteria:
<bullet> It is not currently listed as a Federal noxious weed.
<bullet> It is listed as a weed in at least one State's plant
protection regulations.
We would publish this list periodically in the Federal Register and
on the Internet as an informational service to States, other Federal
agencies, and various interest groups. This list would serve as a
reference for the public, containing a comprehensive listing of all
applicable weeds and the States that list them as noxious weeds. The
most current Category 3 list is available on the Internet at http://
www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/rad/noxweeds.html. Copies are also available by
contacting Ms. Polly Lehtonen at the address listed under FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT. As stated earlier in this document, weeds listed
in Category 3 would not be subject to Federal regulation, and the
importation or interstate movement of such weeds would not be
restricted.
Category 4
We have not yet developed a Category 4 list, but a weed would
likely be listed in Category 4 based on the following, and perhaps
other criteria:
<bullet> It is not currently listed as a Federal noxious weed.
<bullet> It is not listed as a weed in any State's plant protection
regulations.
<bullet> It has been documented to be an invasive plant species.
We would publish this list periodically in the Federal Register and
on the Internet as an informational service to States, other Federal
Agencies, and various interest groups. This list would serve as a
reference for the public, containing a comprehensive listing of all
applicable weed species that are not listed in Federal or State
regulations, but that are believed to be an invasive plant species. As
stated earlier in this document, weeds listed in Category 4 would not
be subject to Federal or State regulation.
We would like your comments regarding any additional criteria that
you think should be used to determine which weeds should be included in
the Category 4 list, including whether we should base the Category 4
list on lists of invasive plant species maintained by scientists in the
private sector, such as Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas.\2\ What
weed lists should we base the Category 4 list on? If we base the
Category 4 list on such weed list(s), should we exclude listed weeds if
the weeds are economically valuable to domestic or international trade?
What criteria, economic or otherwise, should we base such exclusions
on?
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\2\ Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas--a developing list
based on a variety of sources, including those produced or published
by The Nature Conservancy (John M. Randall, 1995), California Exotic
Pest Plant Council, Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, Tennessee
Exotic Pest Plant Council, University of Hawaii (Hawaii Ecosystems
at Risk Project), Faith T. Campbell, Maryland Natural Heritage
Program, the University of Florida, and University of Georgia (Kim
D. Coder). Available on the World Wide Web at http://www.nps.gov/
plants/alien/scie-d.thm.
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Questions--New Weed Categories
We would like your comments as to whether and how these new
categories would improve our efforts to control and limit the spread of
Federally listed noxious weeds and other weed species. In particular,
we would like you to address as many of the following questions as you
can:
<bullet> Should we divide the current Federal noxious weed list
into two categories (Category 1, Federal noxious weeds that do not
exist in the United States, and Category 2, Federal noxious weeds that
exist in some areas of the United States)?
<bullet> Regarding Category 2: Is our listing of the distribution
of Federal noxious weeds accurate? Do listed noxious weeds exist in
States other than those listed? Have we listed States where a weed is
not known to exist?
<bullet> As shown in the Category 2 list above, several of the
weeds currently listed have spread beyond a few States since their
listing (some to as many as 16 States). Should we continue to list
weeds that have spread beyond a few States since the time they were
originally listed as Federal noxious weeds? At what point should a
noxious weed be deleted from Federal regulation by removing it from
Category 2? Should any weeds currently listed in Category 2 be moved
into Category 3 or Category 4? How should we interpret the part of the
FNWA definition of ``noxious weed'' that states that weeds must be
``new to, or not widely prevalent in the United States''? How new is
``new to''? Within the last century? Within the last decade? Rather
than consider the number of States a weed occurs in, APHIS could
consider whether a weed occupies its full potential biological range.
``Not widely prevalent'' could be defined as ``not yet widely prevalent
throughout the weed's potential biological range.'' The difficulty with
such an interpretation is that we do not know the potential biological
range for most of the weeds already listed. Phytotron studies are
expensive and time consuming, and the software for estimating range has
limitations. What criteria should APHIS use to determine if a weed is
or is not widely prevalent?
<bullet> Should we make available and maintain the Category 3 and
Category 4 lists as outlined above? Would these lists be useful to
States and the public, even though they would not have any binding
effect, and would not be accompanied by additional funding to State and
local weed control programs?
<bullet> In the Category 1 and Category 2 lists, we could continue
to group weeds according to their habitat (i.e., aquatic, terrestrial,
parasitic). Should there be other divisions within any of the four
categories? Should there be fewer than four categories? Should the
criteria for listing in any of the categories be modified?
States maintain unique noxious weed lists that often include weeds
that do not meet the definition of a Federal noxious weed, but that are
of local concern. We would provide a summary of these lists as an
informational service. We would make no endorsement regarding the
listings, nor would we sanction actions of States pursuant to the
listings. Since each State has unique restrictions regarding noxious
weeds, we ask that the public please refrain
[[Page 14931]]
from commenting on the individual weed listings contained in Category
3. We are unable to address questions or comments regarding the
individual Category 3 listings, especially questions or comments
regarding particular State regulations and/or restrictions on
particular weeds. Such concerns should be addressed to the appropriate
State plant board. State officials are requested to submit amendments
to their weed list that have been made since the drafting of this rule.
Other Questions
Sterile Cultivars of Federal Noxious Weeds
Imperata cylindrica, a listed Federal noxious weed, has sterile
cultivars that are widely planted in the United States and extensively
sold in the nursery trade. The wild, seed-producing biotype is clearly
undesirable, but many in the nursery trade consider the sterile
cultivars to be well-behaved ornamentals. Should there be a category of
Federal noxious weeds where only seed producing cultivars are
regulated, such that sterile cultivars would be exempt from the
regulations? Imperata cylindrica would be moved into this category, and
other species, such as Vetiveria zizanioides, vetiver grass, could be
listed in this category as well. Seeds of weeds in this category (and
by extension, the commodities they reside in) would be prohibited from
entering the United States or moving interstate, but vegetatively
produced sterile stock could be moved without restriction.
Weeds for Human Consumption
Some of the currently listed Federal noxious weeds are valued as
foods by various groups. For example, Ipomoea aquatica (Chinese water
spinach) was imported in large quantities before it was listed as a
Federal noxious weed and is now widely available in specialty markets
around the United States. Should APHIS issues permits for the
importation and interstate movement of certain weeds for consumption
only? If so, under what conditions?
Pest Risk Assessments
APHIS uses pest risk assessments (PRA's) as a basis for weed
exclusion decisions. Individuals with an interest in seeing a
particular plant species listed as a Federal noxious weed (Category 1
or Category 2) may submit draft risk assessments for review and
consideration. Some of the Category 3 and Category 4 weeds might also
be candidates to be listed as Federal noxious weeds, and proponents may
submit draft risk assessments for review. The PRA guidelines for weeds
are available on the Internet at ``http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/weeds/
weedsrisk99.html''. The main components of a risk assessment include:
1. Taxonomy and description of the plant species.
2. Distribution.
3. Local, State, or other control efforts in the United States.
4. Determination of the consequences of introduction by considering
risk elements 1-4.
Risk element 1. Habitat suitability in the United States.
Risk element 2: Spread potential after establishment, dispersal
potential.
Risk element 3: Economic impact.
Risk element 4: Environmental impact.
5. Determination of the likelihood of introduction or spread.
6. Citation of references.
We welcome comments related to risk assessment guidelines and the
process itself.
Allocation of Resources and Funding
Given that APHIS has limited resources for weed programs, should we
focus all our resources on the exclusion of weeds not yet introduced
into the United States (Category 1) and on the control and eradication
of introduced weeds of limited distribution (Category 2)? Which
programs should receive the highest priority for funding? Should we
also provide additional guidance on controlling widespread weeds
(Category 3 and Category 4)? What kind of guidance should we provide
regarding the Category 3 and Category 4 lists?
APHIS conducts the following activities under the weed program. In
what order of priority should limited resources be devoted? Which of
these activities should receive highest priority? Which should receive
lowest?
<bullet> Port of entry inspection and detection.
<bullet> Eradication of incipient infestations.
<bullet> Review of weed permit applications and issuance of weed
permits.
<bullet> Survey and early detection of noxious weeds.
<bullet> Risk assessment to support new listings or delistings.
<bullet> Devitalization studies (for example, heat, radiation, and
microwave treatments for commodities infested with noxious weeds).
<bullet> Weed control technology, development and transfer.
<bullet> Regulation review and revision (regulations promulgated
under the Federal Noxious Weed Act, Federal Seed Act, and Federal Plant
Pest Act).
<bullet> Data management.
<bullet> Public education.
<bullet> Integrated management of introduced weeds (e.g., through
biological control), in cooperation with other agencies.
We invite comments on these topics. We also welcome ideas as to
different approaches we might take to improve our weed programs. In
responding to the questions posed in this notice, commenters are urged
to include economic reasons and data supporting their positions,
whenever possible.
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 2803 and 2809; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and
371.2(c).
Done in Washington, DC, this 15th day of March 2000.
Bobby R. Acord,
Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
[FR Doc. 00-6825 Filed 3-17-00; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-34-U
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