[Federal Register: June 3, 2003 (Volume 68, Number 106)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 33028-33030]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr03jn03-23]
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[[Page 33028]]
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
9 CFR Part 93
[Docket No. 00-112-1]
Cattle From Mexico
AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: We are proposing to amend the animal importation regulations
to prohibit the importation of Holstein cross steers and Holstein cross
spayed heifers from Mexico. The regulations currently prohibit the
importation of Holstein steers and Holstein spayed heifers from Mexico
due to the high incidence of tuberculosis in that breed, but do not
place any special restrictions on the importation of Holstein cross
steers and Holstein cross spayed heifers from Mexico. Given that the
incidence of tuberculosis in Holstein cross steers and Holstein cross
spayed heifers from Mexico is comparable to the incidence of
tuberculosis in Holstein steers and Holstein spayed heifers, this
action is necessary to protect the health of domestic livestock in the
United States.
DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on or before
August 4, 2003.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by postal mail/commercial delivery
or by e-mail. If you use postal mail/commercial delivery, please send
four copies of your comment (an original and three copies) to: Docket
No. 00-112-1, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Station
3C71, 4700 River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238. Please state
that your comment refers to Docket No. 00-112-1. If you use e-mail,
address your comment to regulations@aphis.usda.gov <mailto:regulations@aphis.usda.gov>. Your comment must
be contained in the body of your message; do not send attached files.
Please include your name and address in your message and ``Docket No.
00-112-1'' on the subject line.
You may read any comments that we receive on this docket in our
reading room. The reading room is located in room 1141 of the USDA
South Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue SW., Washington,
DC. Normal reading room hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except holidays. To be sure someone is there to help you,
please call (202) 690-2817 before coming.
APHIS documents published in the Federal Register, and related
information, including the names of organizations and individuals who
have commented on APHIS dockets, are available on the Internet at
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/rad/webrepor.html <http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/leaving.cgi?from=leavingFR.html&log=linklog&to=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/rad/webrepor.html>.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Roger Perkins, Senior Staff
Veterinarian, Animals Program, National Center for Import and Export,
VS, APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 39, Riverdale, MD 20737-1231; (301)
734-8419.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The regulations in 9 CFR part 93 prohibit or restrict the
importation of certain animals, birds, and poultry into the United
States to prevent the introduction of communicable diseases of
livestock and poultry. Subpart D of part 93 (Sec. Sec. 93.400 through
93.435, referred to below as the regulations) governs the importation
of ruminants. Section 93.427 of the regulations contains restrictions
on the importation of ruminants from Mexico.
Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium bovis. Although commonly defined as a chronic
debilitating disease, bovine tuberculosis can occasionally assume an
acute, rapidly progressive course. Any body tissue can be affected, but
lesions are most frequently observed in the lymph nodes, lungs,
intestines, liver, spleen, pleura, and peritoneum. Although cattle are
considered to be the true hosts of M. bovis, the disease has been
reported in several other species of both domestic and nondomestic
animals.
Since May 1994, the regulations in Sec. 93.427 have prohibited the
importation of Holstein steers and Holstein spayed heifers from Mexico.
Holstein steers and spayed heifers are much more likely to be infected
with tuberculosis than other breeds of cattle, due to the fact that
they almost always originate from or are raised on dairy farms, where
animals are kept in close proximity, typically for several years.
Because dairy cattle \1\ are kept in such close proximity for extended
periods of time, the potential for cattle infected with tuberculosis to
transmit the disease to other cattle is considerably higher than for
non-dairy cattle.
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\1\ The regulations specifically address Holstein dairy cattle
because few other breeds of dairy cattle are imported into the
United States from Mexico.
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Holstein cross steers and Holstein cross spayed heifers are
typically raised under the same type of conditions in Mexico as
purebred Holstein steers and Holstein spayed heifers. For that reason,
Holstein cross steers and Holstein cross spayed heifers from Mexico
present essentially the same tuberculosis risk as purebred Holstein
steers and Holstein spayed heifers from Mexico. We are, therefore,
proposing to prohibit the importation of Holstein cross steers and
Holstein cross spayed heifers from Mexico.
In our May 1994 final rule prohibiting the importation of Holstein
steers and spayed heifers from Mexico, we did not prohibit the
importation of Holstein cross steers and spayed heifers due to the fact
that few Holstein cross steers and spayed heifers were being imported
at the time. However, the volume of imported Mexican Holstein cross-
bred cattle has increased significantly since 1997. Data on number of
imports of cattle are available, but do not accurately distinguish
between breeds, especially cross-breeds, or between sexually intact
cattle and spayed or neutered cattle. However, the available import
data, coupled with observations by APHIS personnel at ports of entry,
suggest that imports of Holstein cross steers and spayed heifers have
doubled or tripled since 1997.
Currently, all areas of the United States are considered to be free
of tuberculosis except for Texas, Michigan, and California. Given the
increased volumes of Holstein cross cattle that are being imported from
Mexico and the tuberculosis risk presented by those animals, we are
proposing to prohibit the importation of Holstein cross steers and
spayed heifers from Mexico in order to eliminate a pathway for the
[[Page 33029]]
introduction of tuberculosis into the United States.
Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory Flexibility Act
This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12866.
The rule has been determined to be not significant for the purposes of
Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, has not been reviewed by the
Office of Management and Budget.
We are proposing to amend the animal importation regulations to
prohibit the importation of Holstein cross steers and Holstein cross
spayed heifers from Mexico. The regulations currently prohibit the
importation of Holstein steers and Holstein spayed heifers from Mexico
due to the high incidence of tuberculosis in that breed, but do not
place any special restrictions on the importation of Holstein cross
steers and Holstein cross spayed heifers from Mexico. Given that the
incidence of tuberculosis in Holstein cross steers and Holstein cross
spayed heifers from Mexico is comparable to the incidence of
tuberculosis in Holstein steers and Holstein spayed heifers, this
action is necessary to protect the health of domestic livestock in the
United States.
Given the size of U.S. livestock inventories and the volume of
animal and animal product sales, consequences of a large tuberculosis
outbreak in the United States could be catastrophic. Cattle in U.S.
herds in 2000 were valued at $67 billion, with 1999 cash receipts of
$36.5 billion from the sale of cattle, calves, beef, and veal. Cash
receipts from the sale of milk and cream in 1999 reached $23.2 billion.
The value of fresh beef and veal exports by the United States totaled
$2.7 billion in 1999 and $3 billion in 2000. A widespread tuberculosis
outbreak in the United States could potentially cause significant
production and trade losses.
Economic Effects of the Proposed Rule
As shown in table 1, the value of cattle imported from Mexico in
1998 through 2001 represented less than 1 percent of the value of the
total U.S. domestic cattle supply.
Table 1.--Value of U.S. Supply and Imports of Live Cattle in Comparison to Value of Cattle Imported From Mexico Mexican
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Mexican imports Mexican imports
U.S. imports of U.S. supply of as a share of U.S. imports of as a share of
Year live cattle live cattle \1\ total U.S. live cattle total U.S.
from Mexico (millions) cattle supply from the world imports
(millions) (percent) (millions) (percents)
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1998.......................................................... $208.54 $61,193.11 0.3 $1,162.87 18
1999.......................................................... 296.46 59,681.54 0.5 1,021.81 29
2000.......................................................... 405.56 67,985.32 0.6 1,157.49 35
2001.......................................................... 411.00 71,707.06 0.6 1,482.21 28
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\1\ Supply = Domestic production + Imports - Exports).
Sources: Imports and Exports: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of
the Census, as reported by the World Trade Atlas. Domestic production
from Table 7-1, Chapter VII, Agricultural Statistics 2000, NASS/USDA.
Further, as shown in table 2, the volume of U.S. imports of live
cattle from Mexico has generally increased since 1997. Imports of
Holstein cross-bred steers and spayed heifers have generally increased
during the same period.
Table 2.--Number of Live Cattle Imported into the United States From Mexico and the World
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1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
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Imports from Mexico............................ 653,798 703,412 458,188 1,183,227 1,141,368
Imports from all other countries............... 2,083,493 2,036,746 1,949,566 2,191,199 2,439,200
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Source: FAOSTAT electronic databases for ``all cattle breeds'' category
of imports.
Effect on Small Entities
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act, agencies are required to
analyze the economic effects of their regulations on small businesses
and to use flexibility to provide regulatory relief when regulations
create economic disparities between different-sized entities. According
to the Small Business Administration's Office of Advocacy, regulations
create economic disparities based on size when they have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
U.S. livestock importers, breeders, and producers would be the
entities that could be directly affected if this proposed rule is
adopted. There are no specific data available on numbers of cattle
importers; however, there are approximately 2,000 wholesale livestock
traders (North American Industry Classification System [NAICS] code
422520), many of whom may also be cattle importers. It is likely that
the majority of these firms are small entities according to the Small
Business Administration's (SBA's) criterion of 100 or fewer employees.
There are approximately 1 million livestock producers and breeders
(NAICS code 112111) in the United States, approximately 99 percent of
which are small entities according to SBA's criterion of annual
receipts of $750,000 or less.
However, given that (1) imported Mexican cattle account for less
than 1 percent of the value of the U.S. cattle supply, and (2) the
volume of Holstein cross steers and spayed heifers imported from Mexico
is believed to represent a small fraction of total cattle imports from
Mexico, we expect that the economic effects on the U.S. livestock
industry of the prohibition would be negligible. The proposed
prohibition also would not have a significant effect on U.S. cattle
importers, breeders, or producers because such persons could easily
substitute other breeds of cattle for Mexican Holstein cross steers and
spayed heifers.
This proposed prohibition on the importation of Holstein cross
steers and spayed heifers would benefit the U.S.
[[Page 33030]]
livestock industry and U.S. consumers by helping to prevent the
introduction of tuberculosis into the United States.
Under these circumstances, the Administrator of the Animal and
Plant Health Inspection Service has determined that this action would
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities.
Executive Order 12988
This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988,
Civil Justice Reform. If this proposed rule is adopted: (1) All State
and local laws and regulations that are inconsistent with this rule
will be preempted; (2) no retroactive effect will be given to this
rule; and (3) administrative proceedings will not be required before
parties may file suit in court challenging this rule.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This proposed rule contains no information collection or
recordkeeping requirements under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
(44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
List of Subjects in 9 CFR Part 93
Animal diseases, Imports, Livestock, Poultry and poultry products,
Quarantine, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Accordingly, we propose to amend 9 CFR part 93 as follows:
PART 93--IMPORTATION OF CERTAIN ANIMALS, BIRDS, AND POULTRY, AND
CERTAIN ANIMAL, BIRD, AND POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS
OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS
1. The authority citation for part 93 would continue to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622 and 8301-8317; 21 U.S.C. 136 and 136a;
31 U.S.C. 9701; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.4
.2. In Sec. 93.427, paragraph (c)(4) would be revised to read as
follows:
Sec. 93.427 Cattle from Mexico.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(4) The importation of Holstein steers, Holstein spayed heifers,
Holstein cross steers, and Holstein cross spayed heifers from Mexico is
prohibited.
* * * * *
Done in Washington, DC, this 29th day of May, 2003.
Peter Fernandez,
Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
[FR Doc. 03-13838 Filed 6-2-03; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-34-P
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